1 Thaum cov kabmob raug teeb tsa, lub puab txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov kabmob thiab cov ncej, sab nraud thiab cov vaj tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.Thaum qhov haum yog xoob dhau lawm, mating nto yuav swb txheeb ze rau ib leeg, uas yog hu ua creep.Thaum creep tshwm sim, nws yuav hnav lub mating nto, ua puas lub ncej lossis lub plhaub, thiab cov hmoov hnav yuav cuam tshuam rau sab hauv ntawm cov kabmob, ua rau kub, kev co thiab kev puas tsuaj.Thaum qhov kev cuam tshuam loj dhau lawm, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub nplhaib sab nraud yuav ua me me los yog lub nplhaib sab hauv ntawm lub nplhaib sab hauv yuav loj dua, uas yuav txo qhov kev tshem tawm sab hauv ntawm cov kabmob.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tseeb geometric ntawm cov ncej thiab lub plhaub ua haujlwm tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov kabmob ntawm lub nplhaib, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob.
1.1 Kev xaiv kom haum 1.1.1 Qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub nra thiab qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev haum yog nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia uas cov bearings bears lub load thiab cov kev sib hloov ntawm lub puab thiab sab rings, feem ntau xa mus rau Table 1. Table 1 Qhov xwm ntawm Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov kev sib hloov ntawm cov kabmob sib txuam lus dab neeg Load xwm txheej txheem Pem hauv ntej nplhaib: rotating Tsis zoo nplhaib: Static load kev taw qhia: Tsau sab hauv lub nplhaib Rotating load Cov nplhaib sab nraud Static load puab lub nplhaib: zoo li (kev cuam tshuam haum) Lub nplhaib sab nraud: Dynamic haum (clearance haum) muaj Lub nplhaib puab: Static tsis zoo nplhaib: Rotating load kev taw qhia: Rotating ib txhij nrog lub nplhaib sab hauv lub nplhaib puab: Rotating tsis zoo nplhaib: Static load kev taw qhia: Tsau puab nplhaib Static load Lub nplhaib rotating load puab lub nplhaib: Dynamic haum muaj (Ntshiab haum) Lub nplhaib sab nraud: zoo li qub (kev cuam tshuam haum) Lub nplhaib puab: Static Negative nplhaib: Rotating Load kev taw qhia: Kev sib hloov ib txhij nrog lub nplhaib puab.2) Pom zoo haum Yuav kom xaiv qhov haum haum rau lub hom phiaj, qhov xwm txheej, qhov loj me, qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov kabmob load, thiab ntau yam kev mob rau kev teeb tsa thiab disassembly ntawm cov kabmob yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab.Thaum cov kabmob tau muab tso rau ntawm lub plhaub nyias nyias lossis lub hollow ncej, qhov cuam tshuam yuav tsum loj dua li qub;Lub plhaub nyias nyias yog yooj yim rau deform lub nplhaib sab nraud ntawm cov kabmob, yog li nws yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj thaum lub nplhaib sab nraud yuav tsum tau ua kom haum;Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev co loj, Lub puab thiab sab rings yuav tsum tau txais zoo li qub haum.
Rau qhov feem ntau pom zoo kom haum, xa mus rau Table 2, Table 3 Table 2 Muaj feem xyuam rau cov radial bearings thiab shafts (rau siv) Ncej txoj kab uas hla (mm) Cov lus qhia rau spherical roller bearings Pob bearings Cylindrical roller bearings Tapered roller bearings Automatic adjustment Central roller bearings Cylindrical bore bearings thiab lub nplhaib sab nraud ntawm cov ncej Lub rotating load xav tau lub nplhaib puab kom yooj yim txav ntawm lub ncej Txhua qhov ntev ntawm lub log ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov g6 Thaum qhov tseeb yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv, siv g5, h5, loj bearings thiab cov kev cai. rau kev txav tau yooj yim kuj siv tau los hloov h6 Lub nplhaib puab yuav tsum yooj yim txav ntawm lub ncej Tensioner ncej, sheave h6 Lub nplhaib puab tig los yog cov kev taw qhia tsis muaj qhov kawg.Lub teeb load yog qis dua 0.06Cr(1).— — Js5 Thaum qhov tseeb yuav tsum tau, siv p5 chav kawm, thiab siv h5 rau precision pob bearings nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 18mm los yog tsawg dua.0.13) Lub load ntawm Cr (1) nyob rau hauv cov kabmob dav dav yog qis dua 18 rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob loj, turbines, twj, cav shafts, gear kis, thiab woodworking machinery - n6 ib kab tapered menyuam bearings thiab ib-kab radial thrust pob bearings tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm k6 thiab m6 k5, m5.18-100 hauv qab 40 p6 140-200 40-100 40-65 r6 200-280 100-140 65-100 r7— 140-200 100-140 n6— 200-400 p 140-5 tshaj 500 r7 hnyav load (ntau tshaj 0.13Cr(1)) load lossis cuam tshuam load railway, muaj tsheb tram lub ntsiab lub cev muaj zog siv machinery pulverizer-50-140 50-100 n6 bearings uas yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj li ib txwm clearance — 140-200 100-140 p6 — ntau tshaj 200 140-200 r6 — — 200-500 r7 Tsuas yog dais axial load Tag nrho cov kabmob ntawm ntau yam qauv Txhua qhov ntev Js6 (j6) — Table 3 Radial bearing thiab vaj tse qhov Muaj feem xyuam piv txwv ntawm cov xwm txheej sib xws (siv) Lub tsev qhov kam rau ua Chav kawm Kev txav ntawm lub nplhaib sab nraud Cov Lus Qhia Ib qho vaj tse nyob hauv lub nplhaib sab nraud Rotating load Phab ntsa kabmob Heavy load Tsheb log (cov menyuam bearings) Crane khiav lub log P7 Lub nplhaib sab nrauv tsis tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia axial.
Ordinary load, hnyav load tsheb log (pob bearing) vibrating npo N7 lub teeb load los yog sib txawv load conveyor pulley, pulley tensioner M7 tsis-directional load loj cuam tshuam load lub ntsiab cav ntawm tram dog dig load los yog lub teeb load twj tso kua mis crankshaft nruab nrab thiab loj lub cev muaj zog K7 sab nraum txoj cai, lub nplhaib sab nrauv tsis tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv axial kev taw qhia.Lub nplhaib sab nraud tsis tas yuav txav mus rau hauv txoj kev axial.Lub qhov nyob hauv ib lub tsev los yog qhov sib cais vaj tse yog ib txwm load lossis lub teeb load JS7 (J7).Lub nplhaib sab nraud tuaj yeem txav axially.Lub nplhaib sab nraud tuaj yeem txav axially.Directional txav Inner nplhaib rotational load Txhua yam loads General bearings Ib feem ntawm cov kabmob vaj tse ntawm railway tsheb H7 Lub nplhaib sab nraud txav mus rau hauv cov kev taw qhia axial yooj yim - kev thauj khoom lossis lub teeb load bearing nrog lub rooj H8 Integral plhaub ncej thiab puab nplhaib ua cov ntawv kub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws G7 zoo tib yam load, lub teeb load, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau precision teb sib tsoo spindle rear pob bearing high-speed centrifugal compressor tsau sab bearing JS6 (J6) txheej nplhaib tuaj yeem txav mus rau hauv axial kev taw qhia - tsis yog kev taw qhia load sib tsoo spindle rear pob bearing kev kub ceev Centrifugal compressor tsau sab bearing K6 Thaum lub nplhaib sab nrauv yog tsau nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia axial raws li txoj cai, kev cuam tshuam haum loj dua K yog siv tau.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau rau siab precision, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv ib tug me me tso cai sib txawv raws li daim ntawv thov.Koom tes.
Lub rotating load ntawm lub nplhaib puab hloov lub load, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau kev sib hloov meej thiab siab rigidity.Cylindrical cov menyuam bearings rau tshuab cuab tam spindles M6 los yog N6.Lub nplhaib sab nraud yog tsau nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia axial thiab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tsis muaj suab nrov.Cov khoom siv hauv tsev H6.Lub nplhaib sab nraud txav mus rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia axial-3), ncej 1. Yog hais tias qhov tseeb ntawm lub plhaub thiab qhov roughness ntawm lub plhaub thiab lub plhaub tsis zoo txaus, cov kabmob yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm nws thiab ua tsis tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub xub pwg nyom tsis zoo, lub nplhaib sab hauv thiab sab nrauv yuav inclined.Ntxiv nrog rau cov kabmob load, cov concentrated load thaum kawg yuav txo qhov qaug zog lub neej ntawm cov kabmob, thiab hnyav dua, nws yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau lub tawb thiab sintering.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov deformation ntawm lub tsev vim yog cov khoom siv sab nraud yog me me.Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa qhov rigidity ntawm cov kabmob.Qhov siab dua qhov rigidity, qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua rau cov kabmob suab nrov thiab kev faib khoom thauj khoom.
Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj kev siv, tig xov los yog precision tho txawv tshuab ua yog txaus.Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee lub sijhawm uas yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis ntawm kev sib hloov khiav thiab suab nrov thiab kev thauj khoom hnyav heev, kev sib tsoo yuav tsum tau ua.Thaum ntau tshaj 2 bearings yog teem nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub plhaub, lub mating nto ntawm lub plhaub yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj peev xwm ua cov perforation.Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj kev siv, qhov tseeb thiab smoothness ntawm lub ncej thiab vaj tse yuav ua tau raws li cov lus 4 hauv qab no.Table 4 Qhov tseeb thiab smoothness ntawm ncej thiab vaj tse yam khoom bearing qib Ncej vaj tse roundness kam rau ua 0, 6, 5, 4 IT3 ~ IT42 2IT3 ~ IT42 2 IT4 ~ IT52 2IT3 ~ IT42 2 Cylindricity kam rau ua 0, 3 Qib 4 IT42 2IT2 ~ IT32 2 IT4 ~ IT52 2IT2 ~ IT32 2 Lub xub pwg nyom siab siab Qib 0, Qib 6 Qib 5, Qib 4 IT3IT3 IT3 ~ IT4IT3 Fitting nto tiav Rmax Me bearings Loj bearings 3.2S6.3S1.5 6.
2 Bearing clearance: Bearing clearance yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 1: Daim duab 1 Bearing clearance 2.1 Bearing internal clearance Lub thiaj li hu ua bearing internal clearance yog hais txog ib feem ntawm lub nplhaib puab los yog lub nplhaib sab nraud ntawm cov kabmob thaum nws tsis tau ntsia rau ntawm ncej lossis bearing box.Kho nws, thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau sab tsis ruaj khov txav radially lossis axially.Raws li kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua radial clearance thiab axial clearance.Thaum ntsuas qhov kev tshem tawm sab hauv ntawm cov kabmob, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ntsuas tus nqi, qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas feem ntau yog siv rau lub nplhaib.Yog li ntawd, tus nqi xeem yog loj dua qhov tseeb clearance tus nqi, uas yog, muaj ib tug ntau npaum li cas ntawm elastic deformation tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv lub xeem load.Tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm kev tshem tawm sab hauv ntawm cov kabmob yog raws li Table 4.5.Qhov nce ntawm clearance tshwm sim los ntawm saum toj no elastic deformation yog kho.Tus nqi ntawm elastic deformation ntawm cov menyuam bearings yog negligible.Cov lus 4.5 yog kev kho radial clearance kom tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev xeem load (qhov tob tob pob bearing) Chav tsev: um Nominal bearing qauv puab txoj kab uas hla d (mm) Test load (N) Clearance kho tshaj C2 Ordinary C3 C4 C510 (nrog) 18 24.549 147 3 ~ 4 4 ~ 5 6 ~ 8 45 8 4 6 9 4 6 9 4 6 92.2 Kev xaiv cov kabmob clearance Kev khiav tawm ntawm cov kabmob feem ntau loj dua qhov pib tshem tawm vim yog cov kabmob haum thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. sab hauv thiab sab nraud rings.Me me.Kev khiav tawm yog ze ze rau lub neej ntawm cov kabmob, qhov kub thiab txias, kev vibration thiab suab nrov, yog li nws yuav tsum tau teem rau lub xeev zoo.
Kev hais lus theoretical, thaum lub bearing yog nyob rau hauv kev khiav hauj lwm, nrog ib tug me ntsis tsis zoo khiav clearance, lub neej ntawm cov kabmob yog qhov loj tshaj plaws.Tab sis nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los tswj qhov kev pom zoo no.Raws li cov kev pabcuam hloov pauv, qhov kev tshem tawm tsis zoo ntawm cov kabmob yuav nce ntxiv, ua rau muaj qhov txo qis hauv cov kabmob lub neej lossis kev tsim hluav taws xob.Yog li ntawd, thawj qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov kabmob feem ntau tau teeb tsa me ntsis ntau dua li xoom.Daim duab 2: Kev hloov pauv ntawm radial clearance ntawm bearings 2.3 Kev xaiv cov qauv rau bearing clearance Theoretically hais lus, thaum lub bearing nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo kev khiav hauj lwm lub xeev thiab muaj ib tug me ntsis tsis zoo kev khiav hauj lwm clearance, lub bearing lub neej yog loj tshaj plaws.Tab sis qhov tseeb, nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los tswj lub xeev zoo.Thaum qee qhov kev siv hloov pauv, qhov kev tshem tawm tsis zoo yuav nce ntxiv, uas yuav ua rau txo qis hauv kev coj tus kheej lub neej lossis kev tsim hluav taws xob.Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv qhov kev tshem tawm thawj zaug, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom qhov kev tshem tawm tsuas yog me ntsis ntau dua li xoom.
Rau cov bearings siv nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj mob, lub cev load haum yuav siv.Thaum qhov ceev thiab qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov qub, tsuas yog qhov sib thooj ib txwm tshem tawm yuav tsum raug xaiv kom tau txais kev khiav haujlwm tsim nyog.Table 6 Siv tau cov piv txwv ntawm kev tshem tawm ntau heev Siv cov xwm txheej Siv sij hawm xaiv kev tshem tawm kom hnyav hnyav, cuam tshuam kev thauj khoom, thiab cuam tshuam loj Axle C3 Vibrating cov ntxaij vab tshaus C3 thiab C4 dais tsis yog kev taw qhia, thiab ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nrauv txais yuav zoo li qub haum railway tsheb traction Lub cev muaj zog C4 tsheb laij teb, kawg reducer C4 bearing lossis puab lub nplhaib cua sov ntawv tshuab, tshuab ziab khaub ncaws C3, C4 dov zeb rau cov menyuam C3 txo kev sib hloov kev co thiab suab nrov micro lub cev muaj zog C2 kho clearance thiab tswj ncej kev co NTN tshuab cuab tam spindle (ob kab cylinder cov menyuam bearings) C9NA , C0NA.